Prevalence and Trends in Transmitted and Acquired Antiretroviral Drug Resistance, Washington, DC, 1999-2014.

Background Drug resistance limits options for antiretroviral therapy (ART) and results in poorer health outcomes among HIV-infected persons. We sought to characterize resistance patterns and to identify predictors of resistance in Washington, DC. Methods We analyzed resistance in the DC Cohort, a longitudinal study of HIV-infected persons in care in Washington, DC. We measured cumulative drug resistance (CDR) among participants with any genotype between 1999 and 2014 (n = 3411), transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in ART-naïve persons (n = 1503), and acquired drug resistance (ADR) in persons with genotypes before and after ART initiation (n = 309). Using logistic regression, we assessed associations between patient characteristics and transmitted resistance to any antiretroviral. Results Prevalence of TDR was 20.5%, of ADR 40.5%, and of CDR 45.1% in the respective analysis groups. From 2004 to 2013, TDR prevalence decreased for nucleoside and nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (15.0 to 5.5%; p = 0.0003) and increased for integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) (0.0–1.4%; p = 0.04). In multivariable analysis, TDR was not associated with age, race/ethnicity, HIV risk group, or years from HIV diagnosis. Conclusions In this urban cohort of HIV-infected persons, almost half of participants tested had evidence of CDR; and resistance to INSTIs was increasing. If this trend continues, inclusion of the integrase-encoding region in baseline genotype testing should be strongly considered

Puces à cellules et génomique fonctionnelle

À l’interface du vivant et de l’inerte, se développe un ensemble de nouvelles technologies regroupées sous le terme générique de biopuces. Grâce à la miniaturisation, nous pouvons imaginer que, demain, de nombreuses études biologiques et médicales se feront avec des biopuces qui permettront d’accroître de plusieurs ordres de grandeur le parallélisme des analyses, les vitesses de réaction des tests et leur débit, tout en réduisant les coûts. Cette évolution a démarré avec l’apparition des puces à ADN et se poursuit aujourd’hui avec, entre autres, les puces à cellules qui permettent d’accélérer considérablement l’étude des gènes de fonctions inconnues et leurs implications potentielles dans différentes maladies. Bien que la technologie en soit encore à ses prémices, il est vraisemblable que les puces à cellules feront évoluer la biologie et la médecine de manière significative.With the complete sequencing of the human genome, research priorities have shifted from the identification of genes to the elucidation of their function. Methods currently used by scientists to characterize gene function, such as knock-out mice, are based upon loss of protein function and analysis of the resulting phenotypes to infer a potential role for the protein under scrutiny. Until now, these methods have been successful but time consuming and only a few genes at a time could be analyzed. Cell microarrays allow to simultaneously transfect thousands of different nucleic acid molecules, RNA or DNA, into adherent cells. It is then possible to analyze a large pallet of resulting phenotypes in clusters of transfected cells. We are currently manufacturing cell microarrays with collections of full-length cDNA cloned in expression vectors (gain of function analyses) or siRNA (loss of function studies) to unravel function of genes involved in differentiation and proliferation of human cells. Although there are still some technological difficulties to overcome, the potential for cell microarrays to speed up functional exploration of genomes is very promising

An automated disc infiltrometer for infiltration rate measurements using a microflowmeter

19 Pag., 1 Tabl., 4 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1085This work presents a new design of disc infiltrometer, which, associated with a microflowmeter (MF) and a solenoid valve set, makes it possible to automate the infiltration rate (Q) measurements at different soil pressure heads (ψ). The MF consists of a 13·8-cm long and 1·5 mm i.d. pipe, with a pressure transducer connecting the two ends of the MF, inserted in a water-flow pipe that connects the Mariotte tube and the water-supply reservoir of the disc infiltrometer. Water flow is calculated from the head losses in the MF. Changes in ψ in the bubble tower, automatically affected when the infiltration rate reaches steady state, are controlled by a datalogger connected to four solenoid valves. The new design was tested in laboratory and field conditions, and the results showed that the MF allows the soil water infiltration rates to be correctly estimated for different soil characteristics. The solenoid valve set plus datalogger system satisfactorily monitored the changes in ψ and allowed the measurement time to be optimized.This research was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (grants AGL2007-66320-CO2-02/AGR; 200840I214).Peer reviewe

Alumbrado público sector Cuéllar

En el presente proyecto se ha realizado la iluminación pública de la zona del Paseo Cuéllar en Zaragoza. La distribución cuenta con el alumbrado de calles interiores irregulares, dos avenidas y el parque Pignatelli. Toda la ilumiación se ha hecho conforme al Reglamento de Eficiencia Energética en Alumbrado Exterior y a las Ordenanzas Municipales. Además, cabe destacar que todas las luminarias utilizadas son de tipo LED. El proyecto consta de los documentos Memoria, Planos, Pliego de Condiciones, Presupuesto, y cuatro Anexos donde se muestan los cálculos luminotécnicos, eléctricos, costes de conservación y mantenimiento y el documento de seguridad, higiene y salud

Fibrofog in daily life : An examination of ambulatory subjective and objective cognitive function in fibromyalgia

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (award number K01AR064275; PI: Kratz). The Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research (MICHR: NIH award number UL1TR002240) provided subject recruitment support through the UMHealthResearch.org website. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.Peer reviewedPostprin

Evaluación para el aprendizaje en enseñanza presencial y virtual de emergencia en la universidad: satisfacción y frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas del estudiantado

The satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs (BPN) in Assessment for Learning (AfL)-based interventions in the context of Physical Education Teacher Education is a research area that has not received much attention. This study measures students’ BPN in two consecutive cohorts (face-to-face and emergency virtual teaching) during a module at university that uses AfL in an autonomy supportive learning environment. The Satisfaction and Frustration of the Basic Psychological Needs Scale for Training was administered to fourth year students. Qualitative open-ended questions were incorporated into the questionnaire to deepen on students’ opinions on the experience. The results showed high levels of BPN satisfaction plus low levels of frustration in both face-toface and virtual teaching. Likewise, students confirmed the importance of autonomy, structure and feedback in virtual classes, which supports the idea that autonomy and structure are complementary and not contradictory. It also shows how technologies in virtual teaching generated commitment and learning, favoring continual feedback on tutored work. Although this study contributes to scaling up the empirical evidence of the effects of AfL on motivation, a lot of terrain remains to be explored on its implementation in university contexts that support BPN. La satisfacción y frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) en intervenciones que utilizan la Evaluación para el Aprendizaje (EpA) en el contexto de la Formación Inicial del Profesorado de Educación Física, es un área de investigación que no ha recibido mucha atención. Este estudio analiza las NPB del estudiantado en dos cohortes consecutivas (presencial y enseñanza virtual de emergencia) en una asignatura que utiliza la EpA en un entorno de apoyo a la autonomía. La Escala de Satisfacción y Frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas para la Formación se administró al alumnado de cuarto curso del Grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deportes. Se incorporaron al cuestionario preguntas cualitativas abiertas para conocer la opinión del estudiantado sobre la experiencia. Los resultados mostraron un alto nivel de satisfacción con baja frustración de las necesidades tanto en la docencia presencial como virtual. Asimismo, se confirmó la importancia que el estudiantado da a la autonomía, la estructura y la retroalimentación en las clases virtuales, lo que sustenta la idea de que la autonomía y la estructura se complementan y no son contradictorias. También muestra cómo las tecnologías en la enseñanza virtual generaron compromiso y aprendizaje facilitando la retroalimentación continua del trabajo tutorado. Aunque este estudio contribuye a ampliar la evidencia empírica de los efectos de la EpA en la motivación, queda mucho terreno por explorar sobre su implementación en contextos universitarios que apoyen las NPB.Actividad Física y Deport

Influencia negativa de las redes sociales en la salud de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes: una revisión bibliográfica

Con la intención de recrearse y compartir una identidad, durante los últimos cinco años el número de adolescentes que utilizan las redes sociales ha aumentado sustancialmente. Sin embargo, es un grupo vulnerable debido a su limitada capacidad de autorregulación y a su gran susceptibilidad a la presión de grupo. El propósito del presente trabajo fue llevar a cabo una revisión de la literatura científica para analizar las influencias negativas de la utilización de dichas redes sociales en los hábitos de vida relacionados con la salud por parte de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Para ello, se hizo un rastreo bibliográfico en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Cuiden, Psicodoc, Dialnet y Biblioteca Cochrane, seleccionándose 44 estudios para su análisis, sumándose a estos otros ocho artículos provenientes de la bibliografía. Los resultados muestran numerosas consecuencias que afectan los patrones de sueño, hábitos alimenticios, socialización e incluso adicción a las propias redes sociales o para tener contacto a través de las mismas con drogas no legales. Los autores concluyen que es necesario que los profesionales de la salud diseñen estrategias de prevención y promoción para la salud que, junto con las familias y educadores, incluyan potenciar otras aficiones, estimular la comunicación presencial y utilizar adecuadamente las redes sociales. Mainly with the purpose of recreation and sharing an identity, the number of teenagers who use social networks has increased substantially in recent years. In this context however, teenagers represent a vulnerable group because of their limited ability of self-regulation and their high susceptibility to peer pressure. Objective. The aim of the present paper was to review the scientific literature on the analysis of negative influences of the use of social networks by both teenagers and young adults on their health-related lifestyles. To this end, a bibliographic tracking and analysis in several databases was conducted. These sources included: PubMed / Medline, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Cuiden, Psicodoc, Dialnet, and Cochrane Library data. After refining search procedures, a final total of 44 studies were selected for analysis, including eight additional articles from the published articles references. Results revealed negative consequences that affect sleep patterns, eating habits, socialization, and even addiction to social networks, and a propensity to facilitate contact with illegal drugs. The authors conclude that is necessary for health professionals to design and implement strategies aimed at preventing misuse of social networks so as to promote health in the context of families and education. The promotion of alternative activities and other hobbies, as well as stimulating face to face communications, and better uses of social networks is strongly suggested